Pardo, J. D., Lennie, Ok. & Anderson, J. S. Can we reliably calibrate deep nodes within the tetrapod tree? Case research in deep tetrapod divergences. Entrance. Genet. 11, 1159 (2020).
Rage, J.-C. & Roček, Z. Redescription of Triadobatrachus massinoti (Piveteau, 1936) an anuran amphibian from the early Triassic. Palaeontographica A 206, 1–16 (1989).
Evans, S. E. & Borsuk-Białynicka, M. A stem-group frog from the Early Triassic of Poland. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 43, 573–580 (1998).
Heckert, A. B., Mitchell, J. S., Schneider, V. P. & Olsen, P. E. Numerous new microvertebrate assemblage from the Higher Triassic Cumnock Formation, Sanford Subbasin, North Carolina, USA. J. Paleontol. 86, 368–390 (2012).
Stocker, M. R. et al. The earliest equatorial report of frogs from the Late Triassic of Arizona. Biol. Lett. 15, 20180922 (2019).
Schoch, R. R., Werneburg, R. & Voigt, S. A Triassic stem-salamander from Kyrgyzstan and the origin of salamanders. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 117, 11584–11588 (2020).
Anderson, J. S., Reisz, R. R., Scott, D., Fröbisch, N. B. & Sumida, S. S. A stem batrachian from the Early Permian of Texas and the origin of frogs and salamanders. Nature 453, 515–518 (2008).
Anderson, J. S. Focal evaluate: the origin(s) of recent amphibians. Evol. Biol. 35, 231–247 (2008).
Sigurdsen, T. & Bolt, J. R. The Decrease Permian amphibamid Doleserpeton (Temnospondyli: Dissorophoidea), the interrelationships of amphibamids, and the origin of recent amphibians. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 30, 1360–1377 (2010).
Schoch, R. R. The putative lissamphibian stem-group: phylogeny and evolution of the dissorophoid temnospondyls. J. Paleontol. 93, 137–156 (2019).
Jenkins, P. A. & Walsh, D. M. An Early Jurassic caecilian with limbs. Nature 365, 246–250 (1993).
Jenkins, F. A., Walsh, D. M. & Carroll, R. L. Anatomy of Eocaecilia micropodia, a limbed caecilian of the Early Jurassic. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 158, 285–365 (2007).
Maddin, H. C., Jenkins, F. A. Jr & Anderson, J. S. The braincase of Eocaecilia micropodia (Lissamphibia, Gymnophiona) and the origin of caecilians. PLoS ONE 7, e50743 (2012).
Pardo, J. D., Small, B. J. & Huttenlocker, A. Ok. Stem caecilian from the Triassic of Colorado sheds mild on the origins of Lissamphibia. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 114, E5389–E5395 (2017).
Nussbaum, R. A. The evolution of a singular twin jaw‐closing mechanism in caecilians: (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) and its bearing on caecilian ancestry. J. Zool. 199, 545–554 (1983).
Kleinteich, T., Haas, A. & Summers, A. P. Caecilian jaw-closing mechanics: integrating two muscle methods. J. R. Soc. Interface 5, 1491–1504 (2008).
Sherratt, E., Gower, D. J., Klingenberg, C. P. & Wilkinson, M. Evolution of cranial form in caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona). Evol. Biol. 41, 528–545 (2014).
Schmidt, A. & Wake, M. H. Olfactory and vomeronasal methods of caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona). J. Morphol. 205, 255–268 (1990).
Pincheira‐Donoso, D., Meiri, S., Jara, M., Olalla‐Tárraga, M. Á. & Hodgson, D. J. World patterns of physique dimension evolution are pushed by precipitation in legless amphibians. Ecography 42, 1682–1690 (2019).
San Mauro, D., Vences, M., Alcobendas, M., Zardoya, R. & Meyer, A. Preliminary diversification of dwelling amphibians predated the breakup of Pangaea. Am. Nat. 165, 590–599 (2005).
Padian, Ok. & Sues, H.-D. in Nice Transformations in Vertebrate Evolution (eds Dial, Ok. P., Shubin, N. & Brainerd, E. L.) 351–374 (Univ. Chicago Press, 2021).
Santos, R. O., Laurin, M. & Zaher, H. A evaluate of the fossil report of caecilians (Lissamphibia: Gymnophionomorpha) with feedback on its use to calibrate molecular timetrees. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 131, 737–755 (2020).
Evans, S. E. & Sigogneau‐Russell, D. A stem‐group caecilian (Lissamphibia: Gymnophiona) from the Decrease Cretaceous of North Africa. Palaeontology 44, 259–273 (2001).
Ramezani, J. et al. Excessive-precision U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Late Triassic Chinle Formation, Petrified Forest Nationwide Park (Arizona, USA): temporal constraints on the early evolution of dinosaurs. GSA Bull. 123, 2142–2159 (2011).
Rasmussen, C. et al. U-Pb zircon geochronology and depositional age fashions for the Higher Triassic Chinle Formation (Petrified Forest Nationwide Park, Arizona, USA): implications for Late Triassic paleoecological and paleoenvironmental change. GSA Bull. 133, 539–558 (2021).
Nordt, L., Atchley, S. & Dworkin, S. Collapse of the Late Triassic megamonsoon in western equatorial Pangea, present-day American Southwest. GSA Bull. 127, 1798–1815 (2015).
Martz, J. W. & Parker, W. G. in Terrestrial Depositional Programs (eds Zeigler, Ok. E. & Parker, W. G.) 39–125 (Elsevier, 2017).
Daza, J. D. et al. Enigmatic amphibians in mid-Cretaceous amber had been chameleon-like ballistic feeders. Science 370, 687–691 (2020).
Gardner, J. D. Monophyly and affinities of albanerpetontid amphibians (Temnospondyli; Lissamphibia). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 131, 309–352 (2001).
Bolt, J. R. Lissamphibian origins: potential protolissamphibian from the Decrease Permian of Oklahoma. Science 166, 888–891 (1969).
Gardner, J. D. & Averianov, A. O. Albanerpetontid amphibians from the Higher Cretaceous of Center Asia. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 43, 453–476 (1998).
Carroll, R. L. The Palaeozoic ancestry of salamanders, frogs and caecilians. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 150, 1–140 (2007).
Müller, H., Oommen, O. V. & Bartsch, P. Skeletal improvement of the direct-developing caecilian Gegeneophis ramaswamii (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae). Zoomorphology 124, 171–188 (2005).
Ahlberg, P. E. & Clack, J. A. Decrease jaws, decrease tetrapods—a evaluate based mostly on the Devonian genus Acanthostega. Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. 89, 11–46 (1998).
Bolt, J. R. & Lombard, R. E. The mandible of the primitive tetrapod Greererpeton, and the early evolution of the tetrapod decrease jaw. J. Paleontol. 75, 1016–1042 (2001).
Shishkin, M. A. & Sulej, T. The Early Triassic temnospondyls of the Czatkowice 1 tetrapod assemblage. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 65, 31–77 (2009).
Anderson, J. S., Scott, D. & Reisz, R. R. The anatomy of the dermatocranium and mandible of Cacops aspidephorus Williston, 1910 (Temnospondyli: Dissorophidae), from the Decrease Permian of Texas. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 40, e1776720 (2020).
Wilkinson, M., San Mauro, D., Sherratt, E. & Gower, D. J. A nine-family classification of caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona). Zootaxa 2874, 41–64 (2011).
Jared, C. et al. Pores and skin gland concentrations tailored to completely different evolutionary pressures within the head and posterior areas of the caecilian Siphonops annulatus. Sci. Rep. 8, 3576 (2018).
O’Reilly, J. C., Ritter, D. A. & Provider, D. R. Hydrostatic locomotion in a limbless tetrapod. Nature 386, 269–272 (1997).
Muttoni, G. & Kent, D. V. Jurassic monster polar shift confirmed by sequential paleopoles from Adria, promontory of Africa. J. Geophys. Res. 124, 3288–3306 (2019).
Parsons, T. S. & Williams, E. E. The relationships of the trendy Amphibia: a re-examination. Q. Rev. Biol. 38, 26–53 (1963).
Marjanović, D. & Laurin, M. A reevaluation of the proof supporting an unorthodox speculation on the origin of extant amphibians. Contrib. Zool. 77, 149–199 (2008).
Jenkins, X. A. et al. Utilizing guide ungual morphology to foretell substrate use within the Drepanosauromorpha and the outline of a brand new species. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 40, e1810058 (2020).
Kligman, B. T., Marsh, A. D., Nesbitt, S. J., Parker, W. G. & Stocker, M. R. New trilophosaurid species demonstrates a decline in allokotosaur variety throughout the Adamanian–Revueltian boundary within the Late Triassic of western North America. Palaeodiversity 13, 25–37 (2020).
Marsh, A. D., Smith, M. E., Parker, W. G., Irmis, R. B. & Kligman, B. T. Skeletal anatomy of Acaenasuchus geoffreyi Lengthy and Murry, 1995 (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) and its implications for the origin of the aetosaurian carapace. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 40, e1794885 (2020).
Marsh, A. D. & Parker, W. G. New dinosauromorph specimens from Petrified Forest Nationwide Park and a worldwide biostratigraphic evaluate of Triassic dinosauromorph physique fossils. PaleoBios https://doi.org/10.5070/P9371050859 (2020).
Kligman, B. T., Marsh, A. D., Sues, H.-D. & Sidor, C. A. A brand new non-mammalian eucynodont from the Chinle Formation (Triassic: Norian), and implications for the early Mesozoic equatorial cynodont report. Biol. Lett. 16, 20200631 (2020).
Huttenlocker, A. Ok., Pardo, J. D., Small, B. J. & Anderson, J. S. Cranial morphology of recumbirostrans (Lepospondyli) from the Permian of Kansas and Nebraska, and early morphological evolution inferred by micro-computed tomography. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 33, 540–552 (2013).
Pardo, J. D., Szostakiwskyj, M., Ahlberg, P. E. & Anderson, J. S. Hidden morphological variety amongst early tetrapods. Nature 546, 642–645 (2017).
Marjanović, D. & Laurin, M. Phylogeny of Paleozoic limbed vertebrates reassessed by revision and enlargement of the most important revealed related knowledge matrix. PeerJ 6, e5565 (2019).
Goloboff, P. A. & Catalano, S. A. TNT model 1.5, together with a full implementation of phylogenetic morphometrics. Cladistics 32, 221–238 (2016).
Huelsenbeck, J. P. & Ronquist, F. MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic bushes. Bioinformatics 17, 754–755 (2001).
Lewis, P. O. A probability strategy to estimating phylogeny from discrete morphological character knowledge. Syst. Biol. 50, 913–925 (2001).
Eltink, E., Schoch, R. R. & Langer, M. C. Interrelationships, palaeobiogeography and early evolution of Stereospondylomorpha (Tetrapoda: Temnospondyli). J. Iber. Geol. 45, 251–267 (2019).
Bystrow, A. Dvinosaurus als neotenische Kind der Stegocephalen. Acta Zool. 19, 209–295 (1938).
Dutuit, J.-M. Introduction à l’étude paléontologique du Trias continental Marocain. Description des premiers stegocephales recueillis dans le couloir d’Argana (Atlas Occidental). Mémoires du Muséum Nationwide d’Histoire 36, 1–253 (1976).
Dias, E. V., Dias-da-Silva, S. & Schultz, C. L. A brand new short-snouted rhinesuchid from the Permian of southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 23, 98–122 (2020).
Damiani, R. J. & Kitching, J. W. A brand new brachyopid temnospondyl from the Cynognathus Assemblage Zone, Higher Beaufort Group, South Africa. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 23, 67–78 (2003).
Schoch, R. R. & Witzmann, F. Cranial morphology of the plagiosaurid Gerrothorax pulcherrimus as an excessive instance of evolutionary stasis. Lethaia 45, 371–385 (2012).
Schoch, R. R. Research on braincases of early tetrapods: Construction, morphological variety, and phylogeny-1 Trimerorhacis and different prmitive temnospondyls. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie-Abhandlungen 213, 233–259 (1999).
Ruta, M. & Bolt, J. R. The brachyopoid Hadrokkosaurus bradyi from the early Center Triassic of Arizona, and a phylogenetic evaluation of decrease jaw characters in temnospondyl amphibians. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 53, 579–592 (2008).
Bystrow, A. & Efremov, J. Benthosuchus sushkini Efr.—a labyrinthodont from the Eotriassic of Sharzhenga River. Trudy Paleontol. Inst. 10, 1–152 (1940).
Warren, A. Karoo tupilakosaurid: a relict from Gondwana. Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. 89, 145–160 (1998).
Holmes, R. B., Carroll, R. L. & Reisz, R. R. The primary articulated skeleton of Dendrerpeton acadianum (Temnospondyli, Dendrerpetontidae) from the Decrease Pennsylvanian locality of Joggins, Nova Scotia, and a evaluate of its relationships. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 18, 64–79 (1998).
Steyer, J. S. The primary articulated trematosaur ‘amphibian’ from the Decrease Triassic of Madagascar: implications for the phylogeny of the group. Palaeontol. 45, 771–793 (2002).
Englehorn, J., Small, B. J. & Huttenlocker, A. A redescription of Acroplous vorax (Temnospondyli: Dvinosauria) based mostly on new specimens from the Early Permian of Nebraska and Kansas, USA. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 28, 291–305 (2008).
Warren, A. Laidleria uncovered: a redescription of Laidleria gracilis Kitching (1957), a temnospondyl from the Cynognathus Zone of South Africa. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 122, 167–185 (1998).
Bolt, J. R. & Chatterjee, S. A brand new temnospondyl amphibian from the Late Triassic of Texas. J. Paleontol. 74, 670–683 (2000).
Milner, A. & Sequeira, S. The temnospondyl amphibians from the Viséan of east Kirkton, West Lothian, Scotland. Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. 84, 331–361 (1993).
Schoch, R. R. & Milner, A. R. Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology, Half 3A. Temnospondyli (Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, 2014).
Damiani, R., Schoch, R. R., Hellrung, H., Werneburg, R. & Gastou, S. The plagiosaurid temnospondyl Plagiosuchus pustuliferus (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) from the Center Triassic of Germany: anatomy and useful morphology of the cranium. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 155, 348–373 (2009).
Chernin, S. A brand new brachyopid, Batrachosuchus concordi sp. nov. from the Higher Luangwa Valley, Zambia with a redescription of Batrachosuchus browni Broom, 1903. Palaeontol. Afr. 20, 87–109 (1977).
Sulej, T. Osteology, variability, and evolution of Metoposaurus, a temnospondyl from the Late Triassic of Poland. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 64, 29–139 (2007).